Hello
Readers,
This blog is a part of ELT classroom activity. my views on the following research paper are presented in this blog.
Second language acquisition written by David Nunan.
The term second language acquisition (SLA) refers to the process through which someone acquires one or more second or foreign languages.SLA researchers look at acquisition in naturalistic context ( where learners pick up the language informality through interacting in the language) and classroom settings.Researchers are interested in both product and proses.
product: The language used by learners at different stages in the acquisition process.
Process: The mental process and environmental factors that influence the acquisition process.
In this research paper David Nunan has presented the development of SLA from its origins in contrastive analysis. This is followed by a selective review of research, focusing on product - oriented studies of stage that learner pass through as they acquire another language, as well as investigations into the process underlying acquisition. the practical implications of research are then discussed , following by a review of current and future trends and directions.
SLA ( second language acquisition) language acquisition immerged from comparative studies of similarities and differences between language.
Contractive analysis includes two terms :
1) Negative Transfer: When the rules of L1 and L2 are not similar, it is negative transfer between speaker and listener.
2) Positive Transfer: When the rules of L1and L2 are similar, it is positive transfer between speaker and listener.
Brown's Research:
Brown (1973), who conducted a longitudinal case study of three children acquiring English as an L1. Brown traced the development of 14 grammatical structures, discovering that, contrary to expectations, there was no relationship between the order in which items were acquired and the frequency with they used by the parents.
Morpheme order:
During the early 1970s a series of empirical investigation into learner language were carried out which became known as the " morpheme order" studies. Their principal aim was to determine whether there is a ' natural' sequence in the order in which L2 learners acquire the grammar of the target language. Duly and Burt have established the morpheme order in 1973, 1974.
Stephen krashen:
He was the best known figure in the SLA field. He formulated controversial hypothesis to explain the disparity between the order in which grammatical items were taught and the order in which they were acquired , arguing that there are two mental processes operating in SLA.
1) Conscious learning focus on grammatical rules, enabling the learner to memorise rules and to identify instances of rule violation.
2) subconscious acquisition is a very different process, facilitating the acquisition of rules at a subconscious level.
At the end of this research paper David Nunan describe the emergence of SLA as a discipline from early work in CA, error analysis and interlanguage development. He also looks at the practical implications of current research for syllabus design and methodology, focusing in particular on the implications of SLA research for syllabus design, the input hypothesis, and task based language teaching. the final part of this essay suggest that future work will attempt to capture the complexity of the acquisition process by incorporating a wide range of linguistics, social , interpersonal and psycholinguistics variables into the design of the research process.
Readers,
This blog is a part of ELT classroom activity. my views on the following research paper are presented in this blog.
Second language acquisition written by David Nunan.
The term second language acquisition (SLA) refers to the process through which someone acquires one or more second or foreign languages.SLA researchers look at acquisition in naturalistic context ( where learners pick up the language informality through interacting in the language) and classroom settings.Researchers are interested in both product and proses.
product: The language used by learners at different stages in the acquisition process.
Process: The mental process and environmental factors that influence the acquisition process.
In this research paper David Nunan has presented the development of SLA from its origins in contrastive analysis. This is followed by a selective review of research, focusing on product - oriented studies of stage that learner pass through as they acquire another language, as well as investigations into the process underlying acquisition. the practical implications of research are then discussed , following by a review of current and future trends and directions.
SLA ( second language acquisition) language acquisition immerged from comparative studies of similarities and differences between language.
Contractive analysis includes two terms :
1) Negative Transfer: When the rules of L1 and L2 are not similar, it is negative transfer between speaker and listener.
2) Positive Transfer: When the rules of L1and L2 are similar, it is positive transfer between speaker and listener.
Brown's Research:
Brown (1973), who conducted a longitudinal case study of three children acquiring English as an L1. Brown traced the development of 14 grammatical structures, discovering that, contrary to expectations, there was no relationship between the order in which items were acquired and the frequency with they used by the parents.
Morpheme order:
During the early 1970s a series of empirical investigation into learner language were carried out which became known as the " morpheme order" studies. Their principal aim was to determine whether there is a ' natural' sequence in the order in which L2 learners acquire the grammar of the target language. Duly and Burt have established the morpheme order in 1973, 1974.
Stephen krashen:
He was the best known figure in the SLA field. He formulated controversial hypothesis to explain the disparity between the order in which grammatical items were taught and the order in which they were acquired , arguing that there are two mental processes operating in SLA.
1) Conscious learning focus on grammatical rules, enabling the learner to memorise rules and to identify instances of rule violation.
2) subconscious acquisition is a very different process, facilitating the acquisition of rules at a subconscious level.
At the end of this research paper David Nunan describe the emergence of SLA as a discipline from early work in CA, error analysis and interlanguage development. He also looks at the practical implications of current research for syllabus design and methodology, focusing in particular on the implications of SLA research for syllabus design, the input hypothesis, and task based language teaching. the final part of this essay suggest that future work will attempt to capture the complexity of the acquisition process by incorporating a wide range of linguistics, social , interpersonal and psycholinguistics variables into the design of the research process.
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